Second World War Archives - Page 7 of 40

Bloch MB.131 French Bomber

Although based on the previous MB.310 design, the Bloch MB.311 was a more modern and aerodynamic design. The first prototype flew on August 12, 1936, followed by the second prototype on May 7, 1937. This second aircraft added a fifth crewman, relocated the dorsal turret, and added a ventral turret.

During 1937 the Société Avions Marcel Bloch became part of the Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest (SNCASO). A total of 141 machines were delivered to the French Air Force (including the reworked MB.131, 132 and 133 prototypes).

The MB.131 fared poorly against the Luftwaffe. Used for unescorted long range reconnaissance missions many were shot down. As a result, starting in October 1939, aside from a few aircraft in the GR I/36 and II/36 units, they were withdrawn from the front line and relegated to training units.

At the Armistice, 53 were inventoried in unoccupied France and in 1942, the Germans captured 21 that were then scrapped. Photos of German captured aircraft can be found here.

The basic airframe was further developed into the MB.133, powered by Hispano-Suiza 14 Aa radial engines and the tail modified to a twin rather than single vertical stabiliser. It proved uncompetitive with more modern designs and was converted to a standard MB.131 and delivered to the Air Force. Photos of the MB.133 are here.

Following the failure of the MB.133, the Bloch design team developed two improved versions, the MB.134 and the four-engined MB.135.

First prototype Bloch MB.131.01 — Bloch MB.131

German Battleship Bismarck

Bismarck was the first of two Bismarck-class battleships built for Nazi Germany’s Kriegsmarine. Named after Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the ship was laid down at the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg in July 1936 and launched in February 1939. Work was completed in August 1940, when she was commissioned into the German fleet. Bismarck and her sister ship Tirpitz were the largest battleships ever built by Germany, and two of the largest built by any European power.

In the course of the warship’s eight-month career under its sole commanding officer, Captain Ernst Lindemann, Bismarck conducted only one offensive operation, lasting 8 days in May 1941, codenamed Rheinübung. The ship, along with the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, was to break into the Atlantic Ocean and raid Allied shipping from North America to Great Britain. The two ships were detected several times off Scandinavia, and British naval units were deployed to block their route. At the Battle of the Denmark Strait, the battlecruiser HMS Hood initially engaged Prinz Eugen, probably by mistake, while HMS Prince of Wales engaged Bismarck. In the ensuing battle Hood was destroyed by the combined fire of Bismarck and Prinz Eugen, which then damaged Prince of Wales and forced her retreat. Bismarck suffered sufficient damage from three hits to force an end to the raiding mission.

The destruction of Hood spurred a relentless pursuit by the Royal Navy involving dozens of warships. Two days later, heading for occupied France to effect repairs, Bismarck was attacked by 16 obsolescent Fairey Swordfish biplane torpedo bombers from the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal; one scored a hit that rendered the battleship’s steering gear inoperable. In her final battle the following morning, the already-crippled Bismarck was severely damaged during a sustained engagement with two British battleships and two heavy cruisers and sank with heavy loss of life.

Construction

Bismarck Fitting Out — Bismarck under construction at Blohm & Voss Hamburg, Germany

At Sea

Detailed Photos

Bismarck Starboard Bow — Bismarck Port Bow Bismarck

In Battle

Bismarck During the BAttle of the Denmark Strait

Bismarck Firing — Bismarck During the BAttle of the Denmark Strait

Junkers Ju 86 in German Service

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Junkers Ju 86 in German Service

Designed as both a bomber for the Luftwaffe and transport for Luft Hansa, the Junkers Ju 86 first flew on 4 November 1934. Four Ju 86D bombers were sent to Spain during the Civil War, where it was found that the diesel engines could not withstand rough treatment during combat. Although production switched to the E version with radial engines, it was inferior to the Heinkel He 111 and production was cut back.

By the start of the Second World War, the Ju 86 had been relegated to training units, apart from III./KG 1 “Hindenburg” which used them in Poland. During the attempt to supply surrounded German troops at Stalingrad in 1942, many Ju 86 were reallocated to transport units.

In 1940, the Luftwaffe had 40 early model Ju 86s converted to Ju 86P-1 high-altitude bombers and Ju 86P-2 photo-reconnaissance aircraft. During early 1941 the reconnaissance version flew sorties over Britain, but these stopped when Hitler invaded Russia (Operation Barbarossa). By mid-1942 the pressurized bomber version was available, and flew about a dozen nuisance raids over southern England. After the RAF mounted a special interception squadron using modified Spitfire Mk IXs, and one bomber attempting a raid on Portsmouth was intercepted on 12 September 1942, no further flights over England were attempted.

In August 1942, a modified Supermarine Spitfire Mark V shot one down over Egypt at an altitude of some 14,500 m (49,000 ft); when two more were lost, Ju 86Ps were withdrawn from service in 1943.

Prototypes

Junkers Ju 86A

The Junkers Ju 86A was the initial bomber version. It was replaced in production by the improved Ju 86D.

Junkers Ju 86A-1 33+D24 4th staffel of KG253 — Junkers Ju 86A-1

Junkers Ju 86B

Junkers Ju 86B consisted of seven pre-production transport aircraft.

Junkers Ju 86C

Six Junkers Ju 86C transport aircraft were built for Deutsche Luft Hansa, powered by two Junkers Jumo 205C diesel engines. These were taken over by the Luftwaffe during the war.

Junkers Ju 86C-1 being used by a Luftwaffe transport unit — Junkers Ju 86C-1 line drawing

Junkers Ju 86D

The Junkers Ju 86D replaced the A model in production, incorporating a modified tail cone to improve stability.

Junkers Ju 86E

The Ju 86E replaced the D in production by switching to the BMW 132 engine, production continued until 1938.

Junkers Ju 86G

The Junkers Ju 86G was a development of the Ju 86E fitted with a round glass nose.

Junkers Ju 86P

The Ju 86P-1 was a high-altitude bomber version, fitted with two Jumo 207 diesel engines and with turbochargers. The P-2 was fitted for high-altitude photo reconnaissance, but was still equipped for bombing.

Junkers Ju 86P-2 — Junkers Ju 86P-1 line drawing

Junkers Ju 86R

The Junkers Ju 86R was a high-altitude bomber/photo reconnaissance development of the P version. Initially it retained the Jumo 207 engines, but these were later replace by the Jumo 208. Only prototypes of this variant were built.