Bolzano was a heavy cruiser of the Italian Regia Marina. Based on the Trento-class and sometimes considered part of that class, Bolzano was launched on 31 August 1932 and commissioned on 19 August 1933.
Not long after Italy’s entry into World War Two, Bolzano took part in the Battle of Calabria (9 July1940) where she was hit by three 6″ shells fired by HMS Neptune. This damaged was repaired and on the night of 11/12 November 1940, she was at Taranto when the British launched an attack on the Italian fleet. As she did not fire on the attacking aircraft her position was not revealed and she received no damage.
Bolzano took part in the Battles of Cape Spartivento (26 November 1940) and Cape Matapan (27-29 March 1941). She then undertook convoy escort to and from North Africa. During a convoy escort in July 1941 she was torpedoed by the British submarine HMS Triumph. After repairs, she resumed convoy duty in November 1941.
On 11 August 1942 while attempting to intercept a British convoy, she was torpedoed by the submarine HMS Unbroken. The torpedo started a fire which threatened to spread to the forward magazine. The crew flooded to area to prevent a detonation and then grounded her to prevent the ship sinking. First towed to Naples for temporary repairs, she was later transferred to La Spezia. At this stage of the war, Italy was unable to repair the ship and she was still at La Spezia when Italy surrendered in September 1943.
On the night of 21–22 June 1944, a team of British and Italian frogmen—Italy having re-entered the war on the side of the Allies—entered La Spezia using Chariot manned torpedoes to sink Bolzano and Gorizia to prevent the Germans from sinking them as blockships. They succeeded in sinking Bolzano but Gorizia remained afloat. In September 1949, salvage workers raised the ship and she was subsequently broken up for scrap.
Bolzano ready for launchconning tower and the fore turrets of Bolzano during its fitting out, Genoa, 1933Bolzano during fitting out, 1932
In Service
Bolzano soon after commissioningBolzano undergoing early sea trials, late 1932 or early 1933Bolzano on 10 March 1938Bolzano, being illuminated at night, in the 1930sBolzano photographed before World War IIBolzano in September 1940Bolzano in the morning of 27 November 1940, during the Battle of Cape SpartiventoBolzano at Messina on 26 August 1941, showing the serious structural damage suffered in the aft section by a torpedo launched by HMS TriumphTrieste, Bolzano and Trento followed by Zara, Fiume, Pola and GoriziaThe day before the Battle of Calabria Italian heavy cruisers from the left to the right are the cruisers Bolzano, Trento, Fiume, Zara, Pola, GoriziaBolzano and Pola at sea on the day of the Battle of CalabriaBolzano early 1942Bolzano June 1942Bolzano June 1942Bolzano’s foredeckBolzano BolzanoBolzanoBolzanoBolzano under attack by Swordfish of the Fleet Air Arm on 28th March 1941Bolzano and Trento underwayBolzano
Armament
Bolzano’s two twin 203mm aft turretsBolzano’s two twin 203mm aft turretsAft turrets of Bolzano during its fitting outBolzano’s two twin 203mm forward turretsBolzano’s two twin 203mm forward turretsBolzano Bolzano’s 100mm secondary armament
Interior
A toilet aboard the Italian heavy cruiser BolzanoA bathroom of the Italian heavy cruiser Bolzano
Aircraft
View amidships. Two IMAM Ro. 43 floatplanes can be seenIMAM Ro. 43 floatplane on the Italian heavy cruiser BolzanoIMAM Ro. 43 floatplane on the Italian heavy cruiser BolzanoIMAM Ro. 43 floatplane on the Italian heavy cruiser BolzanoView of the forward superstructure. An IMAM Ro. 43 floatplane can be seen amidships
Torpedo Damaged Caused by HMS Unbroken
Bolzano shortly after being torpedoed by HMS Unbroken on 12 August 1942Bolzano shortly after being torpedoed by HMS Unbroken during Operation PedestalBolzano shortly after being torpedoed by HMS Unbroken during Operation Pedestal, 13 August 1942Bolzano, listing heavily to port and threatening to capsize, near the island of Panarea (Thyrrenian Sea), early afternoon of 13 August 1942Bolzano lies on the seabed after she was torpedoed by the British submarine UnbrokenBolzano, refloated after being torpedoed
The third of the Conte di Cavour-class battleships, Leonardo da Vinci was launched on14 October 1911 and commissioned into the Italian Regia Marina on 17 May 1914. She saw no action during the First World War and was sunk by internal explosion on 2 August 1916. Italy blamed the loss on Austro-Hungarian saboteurs although the loss may have been accidental.
The wreck was refloated and righted, but plans to refurbish her were cancelled due to budgetary constraints. The hulk was sold for scrap in 1923.
Displacement
23,088 long tons (23,458 t) (standard) 25,086 long tons (25,489 t) (deep load)
3 × triple, 2 × twin 305 mm (12 in) guns 18 × single 120 mm (4.7 in) guns 14 × single 76.2 mm (3 in) guns 3 × 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes
Armor
Waterline belt: 80–250 mm (3.1–9.8 in) Deck: 24–40 mm (0.94–1.57 in) Gun turrets: 240–280 mm (9.4–11.0 in) Barbettes: 130–230 mm (5.1–9.1 in) Conning tower: 280 mm (11 in)
Conte di Cavour class battleshipConte di Cavour-class main weaponsLeonardo Da Vinci Being LaunchedLeonardo da VinciLeonardo da VinciLeonardo da VinciLeonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci leaving Taranto Harbour in July, 1916Leonardo da Vinci in the flooded Bacino Ferrati, July 1916Leonardo da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci Being Refloated
August 3, 1916, The capsized battleship Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci upside downLeonardo Da Vinci Being RefloatedUpside down Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci being rightedLeonardo Da Vinci Being RefloatedLeonardo Da Vinci After Being RefloatedLeonardo da Vinci battleship wreckage being righted on 25 January 1921.Leonardo da Vinci after being raised with funnels, gun turrets and masts removedLeonardo da Vinci, raised and turned right side up again after its 1916 sinking, moored in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto, 1922Wreck of Leonardo da VinciTwo triple 305 mm turrets of the sunken battleship Leonardo da Vinci, after being salvaged, February 1921
Fiume was the second of the Zara-class heavy cruisers built for the Italian Regia Marina (along with her sisters Zara, Pola and Gorizia). She was launched on 27 April 1930 and commissioned on 23 November 1931.
During the Second World War, Fiume was engaged with convoy escort and intercepting British convoys. She participated in the Battle of Calabria (July 1940) and the Battle of Cape Spartivento (November 1940). During the Battle of Cape Matapan, Fiume, Zara and four destroyers were ordered to protect Pola which had been disabled by a torpedo. During the night, they were surprised by a force of three British battleships (HMS Warspite, Valiant and Barham). All three heavy cruisers and two of the destroyers were sunk.
Fiume, under constructionFiume under constructionFiume in drydock 1930sFiume undergoing speed trialsFiume shortly after her entry into service in 1931Fiume in Taranto 1933Fiume launching a seaplane in 1935Cierva C.30A autogyro from a flight deck built on the stern of the Italian heavy cruiser RN Fiume (then making 16 knots), 6 January 1935Fiume in Venice 1937-39Gorizia and Fiume in Venice, 1937Fiume 5 May 1938Fiume 5 May 1938Fiume 5 May 1938Fiume, Zara, and Pola moored at Naples, May 1938Heavy cruisers Fiume, Gorizia, Zara and Pola in the battle near Punta Stilo, July 9, 1940Conte di Cavour, left, and the heavy cruiser Fiume, right, sometime between 1937 and 1940Fiume prepares to launch her IMAM Ro.43 floatplane with battleship Conte di Cavour in the backgroundFiumeFiumeFiumeFiume in the gulf of NaplesFiumeFiumeFiumeFiumeFiume, before her loss at Matapan, and the only one that shows her camouflage scheme
